ELEMENTS OF GRAPHIC DESIGN
1. Line (Layi)
Ma’ana: Layi wata madaidaiciyar hanya ce ko zane da ke hade maki biyu ko fiye. Ana amfani da layi wajen tsara siffofi, raba sarari, da jawo hankali. Layi na iya zama madaidaici, lanƙwasa, kauri ko siriri, kuma ana amfani da shi don raba sarari, ƙirƙirar sifofi, ko nuna motsi. Layi na iya zama iyaka tsakanin abubuwa biyu ko kuma ya jagoranci idon mai kallo zuwa wani wuri a cikin zane.
2. Shape (Siffa)
Ma’ana: Siffa ita ce layin da ya rufe wani fili. Zai iya kasancewa mai kusurwa (kamar rectangle ko triangle) ko mara kusurwa (kamar circle). Siffa na nufin ko wacce hanya da take da iyaka kamar circle, square, triangle da sauran su.
TYPES OF SHAPES
Shape As A Line: Wani lokaci, siffa na iya zama kamar layi idan an yi amfani da ita don jan hankali ko bi hanya.
Shape In Colour: Siffa na iya bayyana ta hanyar amfani da launuka daban-daban. Idan aka raba wani fili ta amfani da launi, launin kansa zai iya ƙirƙirar siffa.
Shape In Negative Space: Negative space shine sararin da ke tsakiyar wani abu, wanda aka barshi babu komai. A wasu lokuta, wannan sarari kansa na iya zama siffa.
3. Form (Siffar abu (3D/2D)
Ma’ana: Form na nufin siffar da ke da tsawo, fadi, da zurfi (3D). Yana bada ma’anar nauyi da girma a cikin zane. siffa na nufin wani abu yana iya zama siffa 2D (siffa mai faɗi da tsawo) ko 3D (wanda ke da zurfi, kamar cube ko sphere). A cikin design forms yana ƙara ma'ana da sarari cikin zane.
TYPES OF FORMS
Geometric Forms: Wannan siffofi ne kamar irin su square, triangle, circle da sauran su.
Organic Forms: Wannan siffofi ne kamar ganyen bishiyoyi, mutane da dabbobi.
Abstract Forms: Wannan wani nau'in siffofi ne da suke wakiltar abu ba tare da cikakken bayani shi ba.
4. Texture (Yanayi)
Ma’ana: Texture yana nuna yadda abu zai ji idan an taɓa shi – mai laushi, kauri, kaifi, ko wani nau’i na yanayi. Wannan yana nufin yadda wani abu yake ji a zahiri (idan an taɓa shi) ko kuma yadda yake kama da yanayi a cikin zane. Yana iya zama santsi, mai kaushi, mai laushi, ko mai wuya.
5. Colour (Launi)
Ma’ana: Launi yana kawo ma’ana da motsin rai a cikin zane. Launuka suna da nau’o’i kamar primary, secondary, da tertiary colour.
TYPES OF COLOUR
Primary Colour: Wannan su ne launukan da ba a iya samo su ta hanyar haɗuwa da wasu launukan. Misali Red, Blue da Yellow.
Secondary Colour: Wannan ana samun su ne ta hanyar haɗa launuka biyu na primary colours. Misali Red da Blue zai baka purple, Red da Yellow zai baka Orange, Blue da Yellow zai baka Green.
Tertiary Colour: Wannan suna samuwa ne ta hanyar haɗa launukan primary da secondary colours. Misali Yellow da Green, Blue da Green da Red da Orange da sauran su.
6. Typography ( Nau’in Haruffa)
Ma’ana: Typography yana nufin tsarin amfani da nau’o’in haruffa (fonts), girma, nisa, da tsari don isar da sako cikin salo. Yana da mahimmanci wajen sadar da saƙo da kuma sa rubutu ya zama mai sauƙin karantawa. Misali su kamar Thin fonts, Bold fonts da Cursive fonts.
7. Size (Girma)
Ma’ana: Girma yana nufin yadda abu yake girma ko kankanta. Ana amfani da girma wajen nuna muhimmanci ko ja hankali. Girma yana nufin girman abubuwa daban-daban a cikin zane dangane da juna. Amfani da girma daban-daban yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar jeri (hierarchy), nuna abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci.
8. Space (Sarari)
Ma’ana: Sarari yana nufin tazara tsakanin abubuwa a cikin zane. Ana iya amfani da shi wajen samar da numfashi ko jaddada abu. Yana da mahimmanci don raba abubuwa, sanya zane ya zama mai tsabta da sauƙin fahimta, da kuma ba wa ido damar hutawa.
TYPES OF SPACE
Negative Space: Wannan sarari ne wanda babu wani abu acikin zane, fili ne kawai a wurin.
Positive Space: Wannan sarari ne wanda yake inda abubuwa suke cikin zane.
9. Point (Wuri ko Digo)
Ma’ana: Point shi ne karamin wuri ko digo da ke iya jawo hankali. Shine tushen duk wani layi ko siffa. Ɗigo na iya haɗuwa don ƙirƙirar layi, siffa, ko tsari. A wasu lokuta, "point" yana nufin girman rubutu, inda 1 point ke daidai da 1/72 na inci.
10. Image (Hoto)
Ma’ana: Hoto yana nufin wakilcin abu ta hanyar zane ko daukar hoto. Ana amfani da hotuna don bayyana sako cikin sauri da tasiri. Hoto yana nufin kowane irin hoto, ko hoton daukar hoto ne (photograph), ko zane (illustration), ko zane-zane na komfuta (digital art). Hotuna suna da mahimmanci wajen sadar da saƙo cikin sauri da inganci a zane-zane.
TYPES OF IMAGE
Photographs: Wannan na nufin hotunan da aka ɗauka da camara.
Illustration: Wannan na nufin hotunan da aka ƙirƙira da hannu ko kwamfuta.
Icons: Wannan ƙananan hotunan e masu sauƙi da ke wakiltar abu ko aiki.
0 Comments
Shigar da tambayar ka, shawara ko ƙarin bayani a sashen comment.